Unit I: Chemical Substances - Nature and Behaviour
Chemical Reactions and Equations: Chemical reactions, Chemical equation, Balanced
chemical equation, types of chemical reactions: combination, decomposition,
displacement, double displacement, precipitation, endothermic exothermic reactions,
oxidation and reduction.

Acids, Bases and Salts: Acids and Bases – definitions in terms of furnishing of H+ and
OH– ions, identification using indicators, chemical properties, examples and uses,
neutralization, concept of pH scale (Definition relating to logarithm not required),
importance of pH in everyday life; preparation and uses of Sodium Hydroxide,Bleaching
powder, Baking soda, Washing soda and Plaster of Paris.

Metals and Non-metals: Properties of metals and non-metals; Reactivity series;
Formation and properties of ionic compounds; Basic metallurgical processes; Corrosion
and its prevention.

Carbon and its Compounds: Covalent bonds – formation and properties of covalent
compounds, Versatile nature of carbon, Hydrocarbons – saturated and unsaturated
Homologous series. Nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes, alkyne and carbon compounds
containing functional groups (halogens, alcohol, ketones, aldehydes). Chemical
properties of carbon compounds (combustion, oxidation, addition and substitution
reaction). Ethanol and Ethanoic acid (only properties and uses), soaps anddetergents.

Unit II: World of Living
Life processes: ‘Living Being’. Basic concept of nutrition, respiration, transport and
excretion in plantsand animals.

Control and co-ordination in animals and plants: Tropic movements in plants;
Introduction of plant hormones; Control and co-ordination in animals: Nervous system;
Voluntary, involuntary and reflex action; Chemical co-ordination: animal hormones.
Reproduction: Reproduction in animals and plants (asexual and sexual) reproductive
health - needand methods of family planning. Safe sex vs HIV/AIDS. Child bearing and
women’s health.

Heredity and Evolution: Heredity; Mendel’s contribution- Laws for inheritance of traits:
Sex determination; brief introduction.

Unit III: Natural Phenomena
Reflection of light by curved surfaces; Images formed by spherical mirrors, centre of
curvature, principal axis, principal focus, focal length, mirror formula (Derivation not
required), magnification.
Refraction; Laws of refraction, refractive index.
Refraction of light by spherical lens; Image formed by spherical lenses; Lens formula
(Derivationnot required); Magnification. Power of a lens.
Functioning of a lens in human eye, defects of vision and their corrections, applications
ofspherical mirrors and lenses.
Refraction of light through a prism, dispersion of light, scattering of light, applications in
daily life (excluding colour of the sun at sunrise and sunset).
Theme: How Things Work

Unit IV: Effects of Current
Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance,
Resistivity, Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination
of resistors, parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating
effect of electric current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation
between P, V, I and R.

Magnetic effects of current: Magnetic field, field lines, field due to a current carrying
conductor, field due to current carrying coil or solenoid; Force on current carrying

conductor, Fleming’s Left Hand Rule, Direct current. Alternating current: frequency of AC.
Advantage of AC over DC. Domestic electric circuits.
Theme: Natural Resources

Unit V: Natural Resources
Our environment: Eco-system, Environmental problems, Ozone depletion, waste
production and their solutions. Biodegradable and non-biodegradable substances.